Ingcaciso yeMveliso
Yintoni iMelanotan II?
I-Melanotan II (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Melanotan 2,MT2,MT-2,MT-II) luhlobo oluveliswa ngokudibeneyo lwehomoni ye-peptide eveliswa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni evuselela i-melanogenesis, inkqubo enoxanduva lokwenza umbala wolusu.Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating IHormone, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-MSH, isebenza ngokuvula i-melanocortin receptors ethile ukuvelisa iziphumo zayo.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngala ma-receptors e-melanocortin, i-MSH nayo inempembelelo enkulu kwi-lipid metabolism, indlala kunye ne-sexual drive.Ngenxa yoko, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba i-Melanotan I-2 ineziphumo ezihamba ngaphaya kokunyusa nje ukutshisa ulusu, njengokucinezela indlala, ukukhuthaza i-lipolysis, kunye nokuphucula i-libido.Ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvuselela i-melanogenesis, i-melanotan 2 ifundwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze isetyenziswe ekuthinteleni iziphumo ezinobungozi zemitha ye-UV ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Ukuphuhliswa kweMelanotan 2
Indalo yokuqala ye-synthetic Melanotan 2 peptide inokufakwa kwiYunivesithi yaseArizona.Ngexesha lophando olujoliswe ekuphuhliseni ukhuselo lomhlaza wolusu, kugxininiswe ekuphuhliseni indlela yokuvuselela i-melanogenesis yendalo, okanye imveliso yendalo ye-melanin. esikhumbeni, ngaphandle kokuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimitha ye-ultraviolet enokuba yingozi ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ekuqaleni, abaphandi beYunivesithi yase-Arizona bazama ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo i-hormone yendalo ye-alpha-MSH ukuze bafumane esi siphumo esifunwayo.Nangona esi sicwangciso sibonise iziphumo ezithembisayo, yayi yafumanisa ukuba i-MSH eyenzeka ngokwemvelo yayinobomi obufutshane obufutshane obunqatshelwe ukuba busetyenziswe njengeyeza lonyango. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezilungileyo ezifunyenwe kulawulo lwe-MSH zikhuthaze uphando olongezelelweyo kuphuhliso lwe-Melanotan 1 kunye ne-Melanotan 2, ebonisa iziphumo ezifanayo ngelixa. ukuba nesiqingatha sobomi obandisiweyo bokusetyenziswa konyango olusebenzayo.
Yintoni iMelanin?
I-Melanin yi-pigment yesikhumba eveliswayo ekhusela ulusu lwethu kwimitha yelanga ye-UV kunye ne- damage.It inokuthi ithathwe njenge-sunscreen yendalo yomzimba wethu. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-melanin athetha ukuba ulusu lusengozini kakhulu kumonakalo we-DNA ngokugqithiswa kwelanga. kunye nokukhuselwa kwayo kwimitha ye-UV kuthetha ukuba abo bantu banolusu olulungileyo banomdla wokutshisa kunye nomngcipheko we-DNA umonakalo.Kukwathetha ukuba ixesha elininzi lityalwe amandla abo okuphuhlisa i-tan ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokutshisa.
Ukufumana unikezelo olwaneleyo lwe-vitamin D ukusuka elangeni ngaphandle kokuba sengozini yokuphuhlisa i-melanoma yinto ethile yokulinganisa.Izifundo sele zifumene ukuba ukuhlala ngaphandle kwelanga ukukhusela i-melanoma kunokubangela ukungabikho kwe-vitamin D. I-Melanotan II yandisa imveliso ye-melanin ngokuvuselela iiseli zebala lesikhumba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes.
Isebenza njani iMelanotan II?
I-Melanotan II (MT2) isebenza ngokusebenzisana ne-receptors ethile emzimbeni obizwa ngokuba yi-melanocortin receptors.Nantsi ukuchithwa kwendlela iMelanotan II isebenza ngayo:
Ukubophelela kwi-melanocortin receptors
I-Melanotan II ibophelela kwaye ivule i-melanocortin receptors, ngokukodwa i-MC1R kunye ne-MC4R receptors.
Ukuvuselela ukuveliswa kwe-melanin
Xa i-Melanotan II ibophelela kwi-melanocortin receptors, ibangela uchungechunge lwe-biochemical reactions ngaphakathi kwe-melanocytes.Olu khuthazo lukhokelela ekunyuseni kwemveliso ye-melanin, i-pigment ejongene nokumisela ulusu, iinwele kunye nombala wamehlo.
Ukuqaliswa kweendlela ze-melanin
I-Melanotan II ivula iindlela zokubonisa ezibandakanyekayo kwi-melanogenesis, inkqubo ye-melanin synthesis.Oku kubandakanya indlela ye-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuveliswa kunye nokusabalalisa i-melanin.
Ukwandiswa komsebenzi we-melanocyte
I-Melanotan II ikhuthaza ukwanda kunye nomsebenzi we-melanocytes, okukhokelela ekunyuseni kwemveliso ye-melanin.Oku kubangela ukuba kube mnyama kwesikhumba kwaye kunokulinganisa imiphumo ye-tanning yendalo.
Iziphumo zokukhusela ilanga
Ngokunyusa imveliso ye-melanin, i-Melanotan II inokubonelela ngenqanaba elithile lokhuseleko kwimitha ye-UV.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusebenza kunye nobude bemiphumo yokutshisa i-Melanotan II inokwahluka phakathi kwabantu ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-genetics, i-dosage, kunye nexesha lokusetyenziswa. kumanyathelo afanelekileyo okukhusela ilanga, njengokunxiba isikhuselo-langa kunye nokuthintela ukungakhuseleki kwi-UV.
I-Melanotan II (MT2) izibonelelo ze-peptide zokutshisa
I-Melanotan II (MT2) inemiba emininzi ekhethekileyo eyenza ukuba yahluke kwezinye iindlela zokulusu kunye nebala lesikhumba. Nazi ezinye iimpawu eziphawulekayo:
Ukonyuka kwemveliso ye-melanin
I-Melanotan II yenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-melanin, i-pigment ejongene nolusu, iinwele, kunye nombala wamehlo.Le peptide ibophelela kwi-melanocortin receptors, ebangela ukukhululwa kwe-melanin, okukhokelela ekubeni ulusu lube mnyama.
Okunokubakho kuncitshiswe ukuba sesichengeni selanga (iMelanotan II yolusu)
Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ze-Melanotan II kukukwazi ukunciphisa umlinganiselo welanga ofunekayo ukuze ufezekise i-tan. umonakalo ulusu.
I-Melanotan II ivumela abo bangazange batshise kwaye bahlale bevutha ilanga ukuba bafumane i-tan.Synthetic melanotropin peptide supplements ibonelela ngokutshintsha ubomi bezigulane ezine-sun allergies / mutated receptors.I-tan yendalo ekhula ngokuhamba kwexesha iyona ndlela yokukhusela umhlaza. ukuba ulusu olulungileyo namhlanje lunokufezekisa.I-Melanotan yadalwa ngenjongo yokunciphisa amazinga omhlaza kwaye mhlawumbi ibe yinto esebenzayo yokutshisa ilanga.
Iimbaleki kunye nabathandi bokuqina komzimba basebenzisa i-Melanotan 2 ukutshisa okukhawulezileyo, ukonyuka kwe-libido kunye nokucinezelwa kokutya.I-Melanotan 2 yayibizwa ngokuba lichiza le-Barbie kwaye igxininiswe kwimagazini eneentambo. Unyango lwe-melanocortin lweSynthetic lunceda ekufumaneni i-tan kunye nesixa esincinci sokuvezwa kwimitha ye-ultraviolet eyingozi. I-Melanotan II iyaqhubeka nokuba yeyona peptide yolusu isebenzayo ethengiswa kwi-intanethi.Nceda uqinisekise ukuba uthenga iMT2 kuMenzi wepeptide okhoyo kuba imveliso eyenziwe kakubi ingathwala imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo.
Izicelo zonyango ezinokwenzeka
Ngaphaya kwe-cosmetic tanning, i-Melanotan II ibonisa isithembiso kwiimeko ezithile zonyango. Umzekelo, inokusetyenziswa njengonyango lonyango kubantu abane-vitiligo, ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba okuphawulwa ngamabala esikhumba esimdaka. ukulawula i-erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), ingxaki enqabileyo efunyenwe njengefa ebangela uvakalelo olubukhali kukukhanya kwelanga.
Ingxelo yokuphucula i-libido
Inkalo enomdla ehambelana ne-Melanotan 2 yimiphumo echazwe ngayo kwi-libido kunye nomsebenzi wesondo.Abanye abasebenzisi baye babika ukunyuka kwezesondo kunye nomnqweno njengempembelelo enokwenzeka yokusebenzisa le peptide.Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi ziphumo ziyi-anecdotal kwaye zingenako. ukuba namava kubo bonke abasebenzisi.
I-Melanotan II ukunciphisa umzimba
Nangona kungeyona injongo yayo ephambili, ezinye izifundo zicebise ukuba i-Melanotan II inokufaka isandla ekunciphiseni ukutya kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo.Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo imiphumo yalo kwi-metabolism kunye nokulawulwa kwesisindo.
Ifom ekhoyo ye-Melanotan II (MT2) kwimarike
Zininzi iMelanotan II ezithengiswayo kwi-intanethi, unikezelo lweMT2 lukhulu.MT2 inefom ekhoyo kwizitshizi zeNasal, iMelanotan 2 exutywe ngaphambili, iipilisi, iinaliti zomlomo zemelanotan2 kunye neMelanotan II. Nangona kunjalo, i-peptide Melanotan II (MT2) ifumaneka ngokuyintloko. kwimarike ngohlobo lwepowder lyophilized yokulungiswa kwakhona kunye nolawulo olulandelayo.Nazi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zeMelanotan II ezikhoyo:
Ifom yomgubo
I-Melanotan II idla ngokuthengiswa njenge-lyophilized powder, eyifomu eyomisiweyo ye-peptide.Idla ngokuza kwiibhotile okanye izikhongozeli ezincinci.Umthengisi we-Melanoan 2 AASRAW akanikezeli kuphela ifom ye-peptide ekrwada, kodwa kunye ne-lyophilized powder kwi-vials.
Umboniso
Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, i-powder kufuneka ihlaziywe nge-solvent efanelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo amanzi ayinyumba okanye i-bacteriostatic water.Imiyalelo yokubuyisela kwakhona ingahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwimveliso ethile kunye nomenzi we-MT2, ngoko kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela izikhokelo ezinikeziweyo.
Injection
Emva kokuba i-powder iphinde ihlaziywe, i-Melanotan II idla ngokusetyenziswa nge-injection subcutaneous.Inaliti encinci isetyenziselwa ukujova isisombululo phantsi kwesikhumba, ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicubu ezinamafutha zesisu okanye ithanga.Endaweni yokuthenga i-injection kwilizwe lendawo, kuyilo. gcina imali ukuze athenge i-lyophilized powder ye-Melanotan 2 ukwenza i-MT2 injection yabo. Thenga i-Melanotan 2 kwi-wholesale iya kufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuba semthethweni kwemveliso xa uthenga iMelanotan II, njengoko umgunyathi okanye iinguqulelo ezenziwe ngendlela engafanelekanga zinokubeka umngcipheko owongezelelweyo.
I-Melanotan II I-Side Effects
I-Melanotan II peptide enikwe ngaphantsi kwesikhumba ixelwe ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza kwiidosi ezicetyiswayo.Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezixelwe nge-melanotan II ziquka:
I sizathu
Iintlungu zesisu
Ukunciphisa ukutya
Ukufika
Ulusu olumnyama
Ukumiswa komthondo okuzenzekelayo
Ukutshintsha kwiimilo ze-mole
Kwiimeko ezimandundu ngakumbi, kukho imingcipheko enokubakho kwezi ziphumo zibi kakhulu, kubandakanywa:
Uhlobo olubi lomhlaza wolusu (melanoma)
Ukudalwa kwee-moles ezintsha kunye ne-atypical melanocytic naevi
I-Rhabdomyolysis (ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zezihlunu ezinokuthi zibulale)
I-Encephalopathy syndrome
Ukungasebenzi kwezesondo
Kukwabalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuba iinaliti zabelwana ngazo okanye azicocwanga kakuhle phambi kokusetyenziswa, kukho umngcipheko wongcoliseko. Njengayo nayiphi na inaliti, ububomvu kunye nobuhlungu kwindawo yokutofa kunokwenzeka. Thenga kuphela i-peptide melanotan II ngobunyulu be-98% okanye phezulu.
Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa inaliti ye-PT-141 ngaxeshanye ne-PDE5 inhibitor emadodeni ngenxa yomngcipheko we-priapism.
Le mveliso akufanele isetyenziswe xa ukhulelwe okanye unesi.Akukho ubungqina obaneleyo bokubonisa indlela ekhuselekileyo ngayo kubantu abakolu luhlu.Njengoko nawaphi na amayeza, kufuneka uhlale ubonisana neengcali zonyango ngaphambi kokuba uqale naziphi na izongezo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ukuwo nawaphi na amanye amachiza.Ngeli xesha, akukho kudibana kwamachiza kwaziwayo, kodwa kusoloko kungcono ukulumka kunokuzisola.
Abaphandi abanomdla wokuphanda iziphumo zecala le-Melanotan 2 banokuba nomdla malunga nokuba bathenge phi le khemikhali yophando kwi-intanethi.Ngelishwa, ukufumana umboneleli osemthethweni weepeptide zebakala lophando kunokuba ngumngeni.I-AASRAW ngumenzi we-peptide othembekileyo ukuthembela.
Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-Melanotan II-HNMR
Yintoni i-HNMR kwaye Ikuxelela ntoni i-spectrum ye-HNMR?H I-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) ispectroscopy bubuchule bokuhlalutya bekhemistri esetyenziswa kulawulo lomgangatho kunye nophando lokumisela umxholo kunye nokusulungeka kwesampulu kunye nobume bayo bemolekyuli. Umzekelo, i-NMR inokuhlalutya ngokobungakanani imixube equlathe iikhompawundi ezaziwayo. Kwiikhompawundi ezingaziwayo, i-NMR inokusetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa ngokuchasene neelayibrari ezibonwayo okanye ukuqikelela ulwakhiwo olusisiseko ngokuthe ngqo. Nje ukuba ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwaziwe, i-NMR inokusetyenziselwa ukumisela ulungelelwaniso lwemolekyuli kwisisombululo kunye nokufunda iipropathi ezibonakalayo kwinqanaba lemolekyuli ezifana notshintshiselwano oluhambelanayo, utshintsho lwesigaba, ukunyibilika, kunye nokusasazwa.
Indlela yokuthenga iMelanotan II kwi-AASraw?
❶Ukuqhagamshelana nathi ngenkqubo yethu yokubuza nge-imeyile, okanye usishiyele inombolo yakho ka-whatsapp, ummeli wethu wenkonzo yabathengi (CSR) uya kuqhagamshelana nawe kwiiyure ezili-12.
❷Ukusinika ubungakanani obubuziweyo kunye nedilesi.
❸I-CSR yethu iya kukubonelela ngekoteyishini, ixesha lokuhlawula, inombolo yokulandelela, iindlela zokuthunyelwa kunye nomhla wokufika oqikelelweyo (ETA).
❹Intlawulo yenziwe kwaye iimpahla ziya kuthunyelwa kwiiyure ezili-12.
❺Impahla efunyenweyo kwaye unike izimvo.
Umbhali weli nqaku:
UGqr Monique UHong uthweswe isidanga kwiKholeji yase-UK Imperial yaseLondon kwiFakhalthi yezoNyango
Umbhali wephepha leJenali yeNzululwazi:
1. UMariël P Ter Laak
ISebe le-Medical Pharmacology, i-Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, i-University Medical Centre Utrecht
2. Chase W. Mallory BHS
Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
3. Miia Kilpeläinen
Isikolo seKhemesti, iTekhnoloji yezoPhando, kwiYunivesithi yaseMpuma yaseFinland, eKuopio, eFinland
4. Ryouichi Banno
ISebe leZifo zeMetabolic, uMmandla wezoNyango lwangaphakathi, iYunivesithi yaseNagoya yeSikolo seSidanga seMithi, eJapan
Lo gqirha/ingcali yenzululwazi ayinakuvuma okanye ithethelele ukuthengwa, ukuthengiswa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwale mveliso nangasiphi na isizathu. I-Aasraw ayinayo indibaniselwano okanye ubudlelwane, ichazwa okanye ngenye indlela, kunye nalo gqirha. Injongo yokucaphula lo gqirha kukuvuma, ukuvuma kunye nokuncoma uphando olupheleleyo kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso owenziwe ngoososayensi abasebenza kule nto.
Ucaphulo
[1] UGilhooley E, uDaly S, uMcKenna D.” Amava oMsebenzisi weMelanotan II: Uphononongo oluLungileyo lweeForam zeeNgxoxo ze-Intanethi.” I-Dermatology. 2021;237(6):995-999. doi: 10.1159/000514492. Epub 2021 Aug 31.PMID: 34464955
[2] Peters B, Hadimeri H, Wahlberg R, Afghahi H. "Melanotan II: unobangela onokubakho we-renal infarction: uphononongo loncwadi kunye nengxelo yetyala." I-CEN Case Rep. 2020 May; 9 (2): 159-161. doi: 10.1007/s13730-020-00447-z. Epub 2020 Jan 18.PMID: 31953620
[3] Tomassi S, Dimmito MP, Cai M, D'Aniello A, Del Bene A, Messere A, Liu Z, Zhu T, Hruby VJ, Stefanucci A, Cosconati S, Mollica A, Di Maro S.”CLIPSING Melanotan-II to Discovering Ii-hMCR Agonists ezininzi eziSebenzayo eziKhethekileyo. ”J Med Chem. 2022 Mar 10; 65 (5): 4007-4017. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01848. Epub 2022 Feb 21.PMID: 35188390
[4] UGiuliano F, uClément P, uDroupy S, u-Alexandre L, uBernabé J.” UMelanotan-II: Uphando lweziphumo ze-inducer kunye nomququzeleli kwi-penile erection kwi-anaesthetized rat. "Neuroscience. 2006;138(1):293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.008. Epub 2005 Dec 19.PMID: 16360286
[5] Hjuler KF, Lorentzen HF.” I-Melanoma enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-melanotan-II." I-Dermatology. 2014;228(1):34-6. doi: 10.1159/000356389. Epub 2013 Dec 18.PMID: 24355990
[6] Jain S, Panyutin A, Liu N, Xiao C, Piñol RA, Pundir P, Girardet C, Butler AA, Dong X, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML.” I-Melanotan II ibangela i-hypothermia kwiimpuku ngokusebenza kweeseli zemast kunye nokuvuselela i-histamine 1 abamkeli.” Ndim J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Sep 1; 315 (3): E357-E366. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00024.2018. Epub 2018 May 29.PMID: 29812984
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